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Wnt Signaling Inhibits the Growth of Primary Cilia and Activates CyclinD1, Snail and VEGFA Expression in Breast Cancer Cell Line MDA-MB-231
Xiaoyan Deng,
Ning Hu,
Lifu Wang,
Feilong Li,
Geli Liu,
Xiangmei Wu,
Chengfu Yuan,
Zunpeng Liu,
Jiachuan Pan,
Changdong Wang
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
123-133
Received:
23 March 2015
Accepted:
31 March 2015
Published:
21 April 2015
Abstract: Although Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been shown to be essential in the process of cancer formation, it is unclear how Wnt3a signaling pathway regulates abnormal proliferation and differentiation of breast cancer cells. Here, we found overexpression of Wnt3a stimulated the expression of the Wntsignaling’s downstream genes such as LRP6, Naked, Axin1, DVL-2, β-catenin, and TCF-1 in breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.Primarycilia is deemed as sensory cell antennae thatcoordinates a large number of cellular signaling pathways, sometimes coupling cell division and differentiation. Primary cilia were found on the surface of this cell line. Overexpression of Wnt3a decreased the formation of primary cilia. Inhibition of Wnt3a with Calphostin C facilitated growth of primary cilia. Wnt3a activated cell proliferation gene of CyclinD1. In contrary, Calphostin C decreased the promotional effect on proliferation of MDA-MB-231. The Snail family of transcription factor has previously been implicated in the differentiation of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells (epithelial-mesenchymal transitions) during embryonic development. Wnt3a promoted MDA-MB-231 induced expression of Snail, whose effect was inhibited by Calphostin-C. VEGFA activity was originally referred to as vascular permeability factor and had been shown to stimulate endothelial cell mitogenesis and cell migration and increased microvascular permeability. Wnt3a facilitated MDA-MB-231 induced expression of VEGFA, as well as Calphostin-C suppressed its effect. Taken together, these results suggested thatWnt3a signaling played an important role in regulating the formation of breast cancer.
Abstract: Although Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been shown to be essential in the process of cancer formation, it is unclear how Wnt3a signaling pathway regulates abnormal proliferation and differentiation of breast cancer cells. Here, we found overexpression of Wnt3a stimulated the expression of the Wntsignaling’s downstream genes such as LRP6, Naked, Axin1,...
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In Vitro Anthelmintic Efficacy of Fractions from Plumbago zeylanica L (Family- Plumbaginnaceae) Root Extract
Yohannes Weldemariam Getahun,
Afework Mulugeta Bezabh
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
134-142
Received:
3 March 2015
Accepted:
18 March 2015
Published:
27 April 2015
Abstract: Unlike synthetic drugs plants have different phytochemical constituents which can act collectively by which helminthes cannot resist them or there could be active constituent(s) in the plant with superior potency. The aim of this study was to investigate the anthelmintic activity of both crude and fractions of Plumbago zeylanica root extract for the purpose of finding long lasting and potent medicinal plant due to significant implications of helminthes in developing countries like Ethiopia. And where traditional medicine is wide spread and of immediate alternative. In the assay, chloroform crude extracts recorded less paralysis and death time than ethanolic crude extracts. Then crude extract was subjected to column chromatography from which nine pure compounds were isolated. In addition, the isolated compounds were higher in their anthelmintic activity than crude extracts at almost all concentrations. Both crude and fractions paralyse and kill the worms with less time than that of the positive control and even less than 10 fold especially at low concentrations in case of chloroform extracts. The findings here on anthelmintic activity of the root at lower concentrations are significant and for the first time. If in vivo data are included the plant can be used as long lasting drug for helminthes.
Abstract: Unlike synthetic drugs plants have different phytochemical constituents which can act collectively by which helminthes cannot resist them or there could be active constituent(s) in the plant with superior potency. The aim of this study was to investigate the anthelmintic activity of both crude and fractions of Plumbago zeylanica root extract for th...
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Occurrence of Different Types of Endometrial Carcinoma in Hysterectomy Specimens from Different Hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan
Izhar Fatima,
Muhammad Noman Rashid,
Farha Ahmed,
Ali Muhammad Soomro
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
143-146
Received:
1 April 2015
Accepted:
15 April 2015
Published:
30 April 2015
Abstract: Introduction: Endometrial carcinoma can occur due to different causes. It is associated with other diseases like endometrial hyperplasia, obesity, diabetes, early menarche and late menopause. Histological and histochemical procedures, help in diagnosis of different types of endometrial carcinoma. Objectives: To identify predominant histological and histochemical type of endometrial carcinoma from hysterectomy specimens collected from different tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: Slides / paraffin blocks of endometrial biopsies of hysterectomy specimens were taken, from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2012. Results: In present study, total 226 hysterectomy cases were received in which 70 (30.97%) cases of different type of endometrial carcinoma were studied. The maximum 46 (65.71%) cases were of endometroid secretory adenocarcinoma. 16 (22.90%) cases, of Endometroid pappilary carcinoma. 3 (4.30%) cases of ciliated adenocarcinoma and 1 (1.42%) case villoglandular endometrial cancer. Conclusion: Increased tendency of endometroid secretory adenocarcinoma of endometrium as 46 (65.71%) cases out of 70 cases.
Abstract: Introduction: Endometrial carcinoma can occur due to different causes. It is associated with other diseases like endometrial hyperplasia, obesity, diabetes, early menarche and late menopause. Histological and histochemical procedures, help in diagnosis of different types of endometrial carcinoma. Objectives: To identify predominant histological and...
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Isolation, Identification and Optimization of Crude Oil Degrading Micromycetes for Biosynthesis of Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Mehdi Ghasemi,
Yemen Atakishiyeva
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
147-157
Received:
20 October 2014
Accepted:
21 November 2014
Published:
6 May 2015
Abstract: Poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) participate in activities of all organisms from energy source to structural components. Disruption of metabolism results in diseases like atherosclerosis and obesity. In this work, optimal conditions to production of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and gamma- linolenic acids has been conducted in the oil degrading fungi-Cephalosporium humicola IE, Mucor globosus 11 and Pythium irregulare LX isolated from soils in Absheron peninsula, Azerbaijan. The fermentation process carried out at physicochemical conditions, carbon and nitrogen sources, temperature, pH, rate of inoculum, enzyme activity, exogenous fat and phosphate; as well as the stressful situations. Growth in crude oil as optimal carbon source showed that suitable nitrogen was peptone for lipid biosynthesis. In stable temperature the optimal lipid productionoccurred at 28°C, whereas in “temperature shifting technique”, greater yields occurred at 28°C for 5 days followed by at 15°C for 2 days. C/N ratio ranged from 4 to 64 and the optimal medium for production was composed of 2.0% glucose and 0.25% yeast extract, with addition of 0.1% KH2PO4 at neutral pH with 3% inoculum. Although the activities of the enzymes varied among the fungi, but the developmental profiles for all enzymes were practically similar. Additive fat and phosphate accelerated growth and enhanced PUFA production. Data showed that the procedure of adaptation of fungi motivated the increase of the rate of membrane phospholipids with a high quantity of PUFAs. This research is considered to be object of PUFA production as food supplements.
Abstract: Poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) participate in activities of all organisms from energy source to structural components. Disruption of metabolism results in diseases like atherosclerosis and obesity. In this work, optimal conditions to production of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and gamma- linolenic acids has been conducted in the oil degrading...
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Effect of Natural and Artificial Ascorbic Acid Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Packed Cell Volume of Broiler Chicks
Ufele Angela Nwogor,
Okoye Chidiebere Bridget,
Ebenebe Cordelia Ifeyinwa
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
158-161
Received:
24 March 2015
Accepted:
4 May 2015
Published:
12 May 2015
Abstract: This research studied the effect of natural and artificial ascorbic acid supplementation on the growth performance and packed cell volume of broiler chicks. The experimental animals used were sixty (60) broiler chicks of three weeks old. Five broiler chicks were randomly assigned to each cage and there were four cages representing four different treatments. Cage A served as control where only water was given to the broiler chicks as treatment 1. Cage B contained chicks given 300mg natural ascorbic acid per liter of water as treatment 2. Cage C contained chicks given a mixture of 150mg natural and 150mg artificial ascorbic acid per liter of water as treatment 3 while cage D contained chicks given 300mg artificial ascorbic acid per liter of water. The birds were given the respective treatments for five weeks and the experiment was replicated three times. At the end of the experiment it was observed that broilers fed with natural ascorbic acid had the highest weight gain (1.22kg), followed by birds fed with natural and artificial ascorbic acid (1.09kg). Broilers fed with artificial ascorbic acid recorded a weight gain of (0.89kg) while the control group has the least weight gain of (0.79kg). Again broilers fed with natural and artificial ascorbic acid recorded the highest PCV gain (21.23%), followed by broilers fed with artificial ascorbic acid (18.1%). Broilers on the control diet recorded a PCV gain of (12.84%) while broilers fed with natural ascorbic acid recorded the least PCV gain of (9.93%). From the result of the experiment, it was observed that natural ascorbic acid enhanced growth of the broiler chicks while combination of both natural and artificial ascorbic acid boost the PCV of the broiler chicks.
Abstract: This research studied the effect of natural and artificial ascorbic acid supplementation on the growth performance and packed cell volume of broiler chicks. The experimental animals used were sixty (60) broiler chicks of three weeks old. Five broiler chicks were randomly assigned to each cage and there were four cages representing four different tr...
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Serologic Hepatitis B Immunity in Vaccinated Health Care Workers
Vijaya Doddaiah,
Katta Janakiram,
Shakthi Ramamurthy,
Megha Sharathchandru,
Yashaswini M Krishnamurthy,
Santhya Seenivasen
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
162-166
Received:
23 January 2015
Accepted:
6 February 2015
Published:
12 May 2015
Abstract: The risk of acquiring hepatitis B infection through exposure for blood or its product is highest among health care workers. The most important approach for the prevention of occupational HBV infection is the use of hepatitis B vaccine among HCWs at risk. The present study was undertaken to assess the immune status of HBV vaccinated health care workers. A total of 268 HCWs of Adichunchanagiri Hospital and Research Centre attached to AIMS, B.G.Nagara were enrolled for the study .The study group includes doctors (113), medical & nursing students (61), nurses (59), technicians (15), group D workers (12) and others (8). The serum samples of the participants were tested for Anti-HBsAb levels using ELISA kit (Diasorin, Italy). Anti HBsAb titre of ≥ 10mIU/ml was considered as immune and < 10 mIU /ml as non-immune. The mean age of the study group was 29.49 years. Of the 268 participants 54.85% were female and 45.14% male. 23.5% had history of complete vaccination and 76.49% had incomplete vaccination (1/2 doses). 72.01% were immune and 27.98% non immune. There is a need for stringent and clear policies for HBV screening, vaccination and post vaccination assessment.
Abstract: The risk of acquiring hepatitis B infection through exposure for blood or its product is highest among health care workers. The most important approach for the prevention of occupational HBV infection is the use of hepatitis B vaccine among HCWs at risk. The present study was undertaken to assess the immune status of HBV vaccinated health care work...
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Water Quality Assessment of Piatua River Using Macroinvertebrates in Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
Mariadoss Selvanayagam,
Ricardo Abril
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
167-174
Received:
20 April 2015
Accepted:
6 May 2015
Published:
15 May 2015
Abstract: There is an increased interest in the Researchers, Government in the conservation of water resources in Central Amazonia region particularly in Ecuador. We collected water sample in two different sampling stations in the upstream and downstream of river Piatua. So far no work has been carried out on the water quality of river Piatua to understand the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates and use of the same in the water quality assessment. Our final index included the following metrics namely Biotic index, Ephemeroptera, -Plecoptera- Trichopters, (EPT) richness as richness measures, EPT and Chironomidae ratio, H’ ,evenness (Hmax) and BMWP ABI to understand the water quality . We have also studied the physic chemical characteristics of water and coliform bacteria to assess the quality of water .All the values obtained reflect the quality water in the sampling station 1 Piatua High Basin which is in the upstream is better than the station Piatua 2 CIPCA which is in down stream. In general, both the sampling stations show the slow deterioration in water quality and thus necessitated a need for mitigation measure to save the Piatua river. The various metric values are less than 0.05 (p value is >0.05).
Abstract: There is an increased interest in the Researchers, Government in the conservation of water resources in Central Amazonia region particularly in Ecuador. We collected water sample in two different sampling stations in the upstream and downstream of river Piatua. So far no work has been carried out on the water quality of river Piatua to understand t...
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Zoobenthos in the Xhimojay Dam, State of Mexico
Asela Del Carmen Rodríguez-Varela,
Adolfo Cruz-Gómez,
Horacio Vázquez-López,
Mitzi Alejandra Fonseca-Romero,
Ana Laura Grimaldo-Bahena
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
175-183
Received:
27 April 2015
Accepted:
4 May 2015
Published:
19 May 2015
Abstract: Monthly samplings were carried out during 2013 in the Xhimojay dam, Jilotepec, Estado de Mexico with the objective of determine changes in the composition and abundance of zoobenthos throughout time and its relationship with environmental conditions of their habitat. The organisms were collected performing trawls 1 m2. The samples were sieved and the obtained organisms were placed in vials for fixing. The different groups were identified to a permissible level, organisms each taxa were counted and weighed. 19 orders belonging to nine classes were identified, the insects were the group with highest richness, Order hemiptera were more abundant (29.81%) and decapods were the most ecologically important for the system (89.83%). Diversity (0.7 decits) and evenness (0.63), although on average it is low, is normal for this type of systems and presented variations during the year, mainly due to the rainy and dry seasons, registering in August the highest value (H´= 0.9117 decits and J´= 0.7751) and in February the lowest value (H´= 0.4949 decits and J´ =0.4753). Distribution, presence and abundance of zoobenthos, is changing along the year due to the biology of each of the groups, as well as variations in the volume of water in the system due to the seasonality of rainfall and dry and use of this body of water for agriculture, livestock and domestic use, therefore, the factors that most determine the distribution and abundance of the zoobenthos, were depth, pH, and transparency.
Abstract: Monthly samplings were carried out during 2013 in the Xhimojay dam, Jilotepec, Estado de Mexico with the objective of determine changes in the composition and abundance of zoobenthos throughout time and its relationship with environmental conditions of their habitat. The organisms were collected performing trawls 1 m2. The samples were sieved and t...
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Ichthyofauna in the XhimojayDam, State of Mexico
Rodríguez-Varela Asela Del Carmen,
Cruz-Gómez Adolfo,
Vázquez-López Horacio,
Karen Hernández-Pérez,
Luis Roberto Palacios-Navarro
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
184-189
Received:
27 April 2015
Accepted:
6 May 2015
Published:
19 May 2015
Abstract: The State of Mexico has a large number of reservoirs that have the conditions necessary to host the life of freshwater fish, such is the case of Xhimojay dam for which there are no studies on the fish community. The objective of the present study was to determine the species of fish in the dam Xhimojay, State of Mexico, during the annual cycle 2013. Monthly samplings were made; the characteristics of habitat were recorded and collect organism for subsequent analysis in the laboratory. The physicochemical parameters which had a greater fluctuation in the system were deep and transparency. Four families were recorded where each family filed a species: Chirostoma jordani, Girardinichthys multiradiatus, Heterandria bimaculata and Cyprinus carpio, the most abundant species was G. multiradiatus with 1496 individuals and the species with smaller number of registered organisms was H. bimaculata with 121. The greatest diversity was presented in October and the lowest diversity was recorded in June. The species with the highest value of ecological importance was G. multiradiatus being that the physical and chemical parameters that characterize the environment favoring their presence.
Abstract: The State of Mexico has a large number of reservoirs that have the conditions necessary to host the life of freshwater fish, such is the case of Xhimojay dam for which there are no studies on the fish community. The objective of the present study was to determine the species of fish in the dam Xhimojay, State of Mexico, during the annual cycle 2013...
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Allometric Equation for Biomass Determination in Juniperus procera Endl. and Podocarpus falcatus Mirb of Wof-Washa Forest: Implication for Climate Change Mitigation
Eyosias Worku,
Teshome Soromessa
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
190-202
Received:
26 April 2015
Accepted:
9 May 2015
Published:
21 May 2015
Abstract: Estimation of net above ground biomass in forest ecosystems by non-destructive means requires the development of allometric equations, to allow prediction of above ground biomass from readily measurable variables such as Diameter at Breast Height (DBH). Equations of this type have not been well developed for trees of Wof-Washa Forest. In the present study, trees of two species namely Juniperus procera and Podocarpus falcatus, with three diameter classes (30-50 cm, 51-70 cm and 71-100cm) with the aim of developing appropriate allometric equations were characterized. Each species considered separately, there was significant variation among the slopes and elevations of the equations obtained for each. The allometric equation that was obtained for the two species had significant (P> 0.000) fit for linear model. The difference between DBH-biomass relationships among these species can be attributed to differences in the distribution of biomass among trunk-plus-large-branches, secondary branches and leaves, and also woody tissue density. Comparison of these results with those obtained using a previously published allometric model revealed significant differences with biomass estimation. It is believed that previously published allometric model corresponding to above ground biomass in dry forests may bear errors, and propose the new equations to be used in the future for the two species and that other one have to become developed for the remaining species.
Abstract: Estimation of net above ground biomass in forest ecosystems by non-destructive means requires the development of allometric equations, to allow prediction of above ground biomass from readily measurable variables such as Diameter at Breast Height (DBH). Equations of this type have not been well developed for trees of Wof-Washa Forest. In the presen...
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Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Annona senegalensis on Selected Testicular Function Indices of Wistar Rats
Charles Obiora Nwonuma,
Emenike Onyebum Irokanulo,
Adeyemi Eunice Jolaiya,
Ayokanmi Ore
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
203-212
Received:
9 May 2015
Accepted:
15 May 2015
Published:
27 May 2015
Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of Annona senegalensis on selected biochemical and testicular function indices in rats. Twenty Wistar rats (125 – 127 g) were randomly assigned into four experimental groups: A, B, C and D, (n = 5/ group). Animals in group A served as control and was administered distilled water, while animals in groups B, C, and D were given 100 mg/kg body weight (bw), 200 mg/kg bw and 300 mg/kg bw of aqueous leaf extract of Annona senegalensis (ALEAS) respectively by oral gavage for 21 days. Data revealed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the testis-body weight ratio and total protein content in the testes of rats administered ALEAS compared to the control. There was also a significant increase (P < 0.05) in testicular cholesterol, glycogen, malondialdhyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) activity. Additionally, histopathological studies revealed a marked degeneration of seminiferous tubules. Overall, data from the present study suggest that aqueous leaf extract of Annona senegalensis may possess the potential to adversely affect testicular function in rat.
Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of Annona senegalensis on selected biochemical and testicular function indices in rats. Twenty Wistar rats (125 – 127 g) were randomly assigned into four experimental groups: A, B, C and D, (n = 5/ group). Animals in group A served as control and was administered distilled water, while animals in groups B, C, and D w...
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Floristic Survey of a Portion of the Vegetation Complex of the Coastal Zone in Piauí State, Brazil
Mateus Cardoso do Amaral,
Jesus Rodrigues Lemos
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
213-218
Received:
12 May 2015
Accepted:
20 May 2015
Published:
1 June 2015
Abstract: The coast of Piauí state, unexplored regarding its phytodiversity, instigates conducting research that contributes to the knowledge of its flora. This study aims to better understand the floristic diversity of a patch of vegetation in the village of Curral Velho (02º 52’ 45” S and 41° 40’ 01” W), in the municipality of Luís Correia, Piauí state. Random monthly samples were collected in the study area over eight months; 105 specimens were collected and 93 species belonging to 76 genera and 33 families were identified. Local flora includes floristic elements of Caatinga, Cerrado and Restinga, suggesting that the plant community in the coastal area of Piauí has a transitional nature. This study brings unpublished data on the floristic diversity of the studied area, contributing, ultimately, to the knowledge of the flora in the state as a whole. This is a pioneer and partial inventory in this portion of the state and does not portray its full phytodiversity, thus subsequent surveys are required to add data for a better knowledge on the flora in the studied stretch.
Abstract: The coast of Piauí state, unexplored regarding its phytodiversity, instigates conducting research that contributes to the knowledge of its flora. This study aims to better understand the floristic diversity of a patch of vegetation in the village of Curral Velho (02º 52’ 45” S and 41° 40’ 01” W), in the municipality of Luís Correia, Piauí state. Ra...
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Life Cycles of Neochetina bruchi Warner and Neochetina eichhorniae Hustache as Potential Biological Control Agents in the Semi Arid Zone of Nigeria
Hamsatu L. Hamadina,
C. E. Anaso,
A. Umar
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
219-222
Received:
15 May 2015
Accepted:
22 May 2015
Published:
3 June 2015
Abstract: Biological control is the use of living organism to suppress or control another living organisms, and it is cost-effective and environment-friendly. Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes infestations in Nigeria stifles economic uses of surface waters, and arthropods have been used as biological control agents to reduce water hyacinth infestations, with smooth water hyacinth weevils (Neochetina eichhorniae) and N. bruchi being the most utilized. However, these weevils are not easily available due to lack of insectaries in most ecological zones of Nigeria, which underscores the need for this study. The first step is to understand the life cycles of the weevils under the target ecological zones, so that they can be reared when the need arises. This study was conducted, with the aim of quantifying the lifecycles of Neochetina bruchi and Neochetina eichhorniae under the semi-arid Maiduguri conditions in Nigeria. The life cycles of the Neochetina species reared in the semi arid conditions show peculiar characteristics. No significant difference was observed between N. bruchi and N. eichhorniae in terms of egg duration. However, the larval stage of N. eichhorniae lasted for about 2 months, but only one in the case of month for N. bruchi. This study highlights the potentials of the two weevils (N. bruchi and N. eichhorniae) as potential biological control agents in the semi arid climate of Nigeria. The lifecycle of the weevils show that both weevils can act as biological control agents, but N. eichhorniae has greater potentials, given its longer-lasting larval stage.
Abstract: Biological control is the use of living organism to suppress or control another living organisms, and it is cost-effective and environment-friendly. Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes infestations in Nigeria stifles economic uses of surface waters, and arthropods have been used as biological control agents to reduce water hyacinth infestations, wi...
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Boho-Chic Style Utilizing for Fashionable Apparel Design
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
223-229
Received:
13 May 2015
Accepted:
23 May 2015
Published:
11 June 2015
Abstract: The convergence of art and fashion had already been fully developed many years ago. Today, they have combined together in a productive relationship that stimulates the creative expression of a new lifestyle. The term “Bohemian” has often been used to refer to the fashion and lifestyles of writers, artists, and other individuals who live outside of the norms and standards of other members of society. Bohemian fashion more recently developed to the term "Boho-Chic" that is largely inspired by the bohemian styles of the nineteenth century with some influences of recent fashion trends. It is a very appealing style that has found its way into a number of different fashions for women. The features of Boho-Chic are notable in that they can create some details that are very specific and unique around the build of an outfit or other kind of fashion. This style is one of the most interesting fashion styles of today which requires a great fashion sense to be able to put the right pieces together to create an enviable and unique look. In this research the fashion elements of this revival style are utilized in contemporary apparel designs, which reflect the aesthetic features of the Boho-Chic to connect the human with world and nature.
Abstract: The convergence of art and fashion had already been fully developed many years ago. Today, they have combined together in a productive relationship that stimulates the creative expression of a new lifestyle. The term “Bohemian” has often been used to refer to the fashion and lifestyles of writers, artists, and other individuals who live outside of ...
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Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Some Medicinal Plants Used in Sudanese Folk Medicine for Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tract Infections
Hatil Hashim Elkamali,
Sana Eltayeb Mahjoob
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
230-237
Received:
8 May 2015
Accepted:
1 June 2015
Published:
14 June 2015
Abstract: Punica granatum, Citrullus colocynthes, Curcuma long, Albizia lebbeckandAzardirachta indicaare used in traditional medical practice in Sudan for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract infections. The methanol and aqueous extracts from different plant parts (Peel of fruits, rhizome, fruits, leaves, and Gum) respectively at a concentration of 100 mg/ml, were evaluated against 20 clinical isolates (2 were Salmonella typhi,5 Proteus mirabilis,4 Escherichia coli,5 Pseudomonas aeruginosa,3 Staphylococcus aureus, one was Salmonella para typhi B) and 5 standard bacterial strains (Staphylococcusaureus ATCC 25923), Bacillus subtilis (NCTC 8236), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Salmonella typhi (ATCC1319106) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 35657) were tested for their antibacterial properties using the Agar Diffusion Technique in vitro. Of all plants methanolic and aqueous extracts of Punica granatum were the most active with clinical isolates and standard bacterial strains showed relatively high antibacterial activity against most of the tested microorganisms with the diameter of inhibition zones ranging between 14 and 24 mm, whereas the methanolic extract of Curcuma long showed high antibacterial activity againstProteus mirabilis clinical isolate (1Z = 20 mm). Most susceptible Gram-negative clinical Isolates bacteria were Escherichia coli and Proteusmirabilis. Most susceptible Gram negative standard bacteria were Bacillus subtilis (NCTC 8236) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and least susceptible Gram negative bacterium was Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 35657).In Gram positive standard bacteria, most susceptible was S.aureus (ATCC 25923).Antibiotics was used as standards drug for antibacterial assay. The results obtained appeared to confirm the antibacterial potential of the plants investigated, and their usefulness in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract infections.
Abstract: Punica granatum, Citrullus colocynthes, Curcuma long, Albizia lebbeckandAzardirachta indicaare used in traditional medical practice in Sudan for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract infections. The methanol and aqueous extracts from different plant parts (Peel of fruits, rhizome, fruits, leaves, and Gum) respectively at a concentration of 100 mg...
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Distribution of Earthworms at Different Habitats in Tangail, Bangladesh and Significantly Impacts on Soil pH, Organic Carbonand Nitrogen
Iqbal Bahar,
Md. Sarwar Jahan,
Md. Redwanur Rahman
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
238-246
Received:
10 May 2015
Accepted:
26 May 2015
Published:
16 June 2015
Abstract: Distribution of Earthworms at Different Habitats in Tangail District Significantly Impacts on Soil pH, Organic Carbon and Nitrogen. The earthworms were studied on habitat base. Two orders of class Oligochaeta of phylum Annelida: five families, nine genera include fifteen species. The recorded species are Drawida limella Gates 1934, Drawid anepalensis Michaelsen 1907, Glyphidrilus tuberosus Stephenson 1916, Amynthas alexandri Beddard 1900, Lampito mauritii Kinberg 1866, Metaphire houlleti Perrier 1872, Metaphire posthuma Vaillant 1868, Perionyx excavatus Perrier 1872, Perionyx horai Stephenson 1924, Perionyx modestus Stephenson 1922, Perionyx simlaensis Michaelsen 1907, Dichogaster modiglianii Rosa 1896, Dichogaster saliens Beddard 1893, Eutyphoeus gigas Stephenson 1917, Eutyphoeus orientalis Beddard 1883. The Highest number (11) of species was observed in water body adjacent habitat. The lowest number (03) of species was observed in steep habitat. The highest number (10) of species was observed in Gopalpur and Bhuapur upazila and the lowest number (04) of species was observed in Madhupur upazila. The studied parameters of soil were pH, organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N).The pH value of soil in the study area was slightly acidic but very close to the neutral status. Organic carbon status of the soil favors the distribution and abundance of earthworm that influence the soil nutrients and fertility. Nitrogen status was recorded under low level marked (0.075 %) in eleven (11) upazila out of twelve (12). The scenario of the soil nutrients OC and N are not up to the mark in the study area. Positive correlation was found between pH value of soil and earthworm species distribution in different habitats. Organic carbon is positively correlated with earthworm distribution. Nitrogen is positively correlated with organic carbon. These correlations establish that soil fertility is an integrated task where the participation of earthworm plays positive role.
Abstract: Distribution of Earthworms at Different Habitats in Tangail District Significantly Impacts on Soil pH, Organic Carbon and Nitrogen. The earthworms were studied on habitat base. Two orders of class Oligochaeta of phylum Annelida: five families, nine genera include fifteen species. The recorded species are Drawida limella Gates 1934, Drawid anepalens...
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