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Prevalence of Diarrheal Disease Among Under-Five Children in Worabe Town, Southern Ethiopia
Aseb Arba,
Esayas Aydiko,
Daniel Baza
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, August 2020
Pages:
45-51
Received:
23 July 2020
Accepted:
3 August 2020
Published:
13 August 2020
Abstract: Background: Globally, childhood diarrheal diseases accounts for 18% of childhood death. Diarrhea was most common among children of age 6-23 months. It is the second most common cause of child deaths next to pneumonia. Objective: To assess the determinants of diarrheal disease among under -five years of children in Worabe town Silte zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methodology: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in 02 kebele, Worabe town from April to June 2018. Systematic random sampling method was used to get samples. Data was collected using questionnaire developed from different literatures. Data was analyzed by online bivariate analysis and p-value less than 0.05 was used to determine association. Result: A total of two hundred and twenty two respondents were included in the study. The prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children in 02 kebele was 69 (30.9%). From the total 69 under-five children affected by diarrhea, 32 (46.4%) were males and 37 (53.6%) were females. There was significant association between diarrhea morbidity and age of the child (X2 = 16.42 (p<0.05)), children feeding status (on exclusive breast feeding and complementary feeding) (X2 = 7.9009 (p<0.05)), hand washing during preparing food for children (X2 = 49.55 (p<0.001)), and solid waste disposal (X2 = 21.56 (p<0.001)). Conclusion and Recommendation: The prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children in Worabe town was high. There was significant association between risk of having diarrhea with age of the child, exclusive breast feeding and complementary feeding, hand washing when preparing food for children, and solid waste disposal. Health Extension workers, woreda health office, kebele administrators and responsible bodies should educate communities on exclusive breast feeding, hygienic practices while preparing food and feeding children. Further research should be done using qualitative methods.
Abstract: Background: Globally, childhood diarrheal diseases accounts for 18% of childhood death. Diarrhea was most common among children of age 6-23 months. It is the second most common cause of child deaths next to pneumonia. Objective: To assess the determinants of diarrheal disease among under -five years of children in Worabe town Silte zone, Southern E...
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Physiological Growth Indices of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. Var. durum) as Affected by Rates of Blended and Nitrogen Fertilizers
Bizuwork Tafes,
Yibekal Alemayehu
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, August 2020
Pages:
52-59
Received:
26 July 2020
Accepted:
5 August 2020
Published:
13 August 2020
Abstract: In order to investigation the effects of blended NPSB and N fertilizer rates on physiological and growth indices in durum wheat, a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement and replicated 3 times per treatment was conducted in research field of Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center in 2017 and 2018 under rain-fed condition. The treatments consisted of 4 levels of blended (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg NPSB ha-1) and N (0, 46, 69 and 92 kg N ha-1) fertilizers. The results revealed that leaf area index (LAI) at 64 days after sowing (DAS), crop growth rate (CGR) at 34-64 and 64-94 DAS, relative growth rate (RGR) at 34-64 DAS were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the interaction effects of blended NPSB and N fertilizers. Chlorophyll content (CHL), plant height (PH), days to heading (DH), and days to physiological maturity (DPM) were significantly influenced only by N levels. The highest LAI (4.50), CGR (4.37 g m-2°Cdays-1) at 34-64 DAS and (14.81g m-2°Cdays-1) at 64-94 DAS and RGR (0.0077 g g-1°Cdays-1) at 34-64 DAS were observed at combined application of 150 kg blended NPSB with 92 kg N ha-1. The highest PH (89.4 cm), CHL (40.09), DH (60.92 days) and DPM (116.75 days) were noted in 92 kg N ha. On overall performance application of 150 kg NPSB with 92 kg N/ha levels showed better results on the growth and physiological traits of durum wheat as compared to other blended and N levels.
Abstract: In order to investigation the effects of blended NPSB and N fertilizer rates on physiological and growth indices in durum wheat, a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement and replicated 3 times per treatment was conducted in research field of Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center in 2017 and 2018 under rain-fed condition. The ...
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Institutional Delivery Services Utilization and Associated Factors at Hetosa District, Ethiopia
Hailu Temesgen,
Alemayehu Worku,
Hailu Fekadu Demissie,
Mesfin Tafa Segni,
Shimelis Adugna,
Roza Amdemichael,
Shimelis Mekit
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, August 2020
Pages:
60-68
Received:
17 June 2020
Accepted:
5 August 2020
Published:
13 August 2020
Abstract: Background: The proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel in Ethiopia is very low and the maternal mortality ratio currently is 676 per 100,000 live births. This study aimed at assessing level of institutional delivery service utilization and associated factors among mothers who gave birth during the last 12 months prior to the study in Hetosa district, Arsi zone Ethiopia. Methods: Community based cross sectional study design was conducted among 735 mothers who gave birth within last one year at Hetosa District in 2015. The collected data were entered into computer usingEpi-info version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 software for analysis. Univariate, Bivariate and multivariate analysis were done. Significance level and association of variables was tested by using 95% confidence interval (C.I) and odd ratio and p-value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Result: Forty nine percent of the respondentsgave birth at health facilities and 98% delivered at public health facility. Out of those mothers who delivered at home, 36% were assisted by neighbor and the main reason for their home delivery was easy (precipitate) labor and very short duration which force mother to deliver at home 89% followed by transport problem (7.2%). According to multivariate regression analysis mothers who reside in urban, did not live with her husbandand had one live birthwere more likely to give birth at health institution when compared to their counter parts. Conclusion and recommendation: This study revealed that institutional delivery was high as compared to some of the studies conducted on different parts of the country. Policy makers and health care planners need to recognize the factors hampering institutional delivery and work on improving the situation.
Abstract: Background: The proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel in Ethiopia is very low and the maternal mortality ratio currently is 676 per 100,000 live births. This study aimed at assessing level of institutional delivery service utilization and associated factors among mothers who gave birth during the last 12 months prior to the stud...
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Flexibility Augmented by Heat-applied Stretching Exercise Compared to Exercise Without Additional External Heat
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, August 2020
Pages:
69-75
Received:
18 October 2019
Accepted:
30 March 2020
Published:
25 August 2020
Abstract: Introduction: the goal of stretching can vary; such diversify aims as enhancing performance, preventing injury and recovering from following injury. Objective: The aim of study is to examine 80 male football project players to determine; if heat applied stretching would better improvement in flexibility or not. Method: To achieve the intended objective randomized experimental design was implemented. Players who have been volunteered and fulfilled the research inclusion criteria are recruited and randomly grouped in to four equal sections. The first group was control group and did not perform any treatment, whereas the rest 3 experimental groups followed six weeks intervention program (3 days per week). SEG (Stretching Exercise Group only) engaged in stretching exercises only, on the other hand the remaining groups HP=Heat Packs Group and CP=Cold Packs Group undertaking thermal interventions (hot and cold packs respectively) for 20 minutes before performing the stretching exercise. Cold exposure was examined to see if it would have the opposite effect. On the study sit and reach test used as a standard measuring tool. For instance to inspect actual changes in groups, and also paired t-test was used to compare mean value, to this end the difference between groups was tested dependent t-test. The analysis conducted by SPSS -V 25 and in commenting on the analysis results, significance and rated at p< .05 level. Result: Except Control Group, all experimental groups produced significant improvement in flexibility; however interventions produced different results, the mean Pre/Post differences and (p<.05) were .81 (p<.03) for Group two, 2.2 (p<.01) for Group three and .5.9 (p<.04) for Group four. When compared with groups, the Group which received heat packs prior to stretching obtained the greatest improvement in flexibility, which resulted in applied heat. In line to the result the investigator noticed heat applied stretching exercise is the most effective for promoting flexibility and cold exposure may limit flexibility improvement, but it wasn’t seen having the opposite effect. All in all these finding seem to support and endorse the use of heat as an adjunct with stretching techniques in improving flexibility.
Abstract: Introduction: the goal of stretching can vary; such diversify aims as enhancing performance, preventing injury and recovering from following injury. Objective: The aim of study is to examine 80 male football project players to determine; if heat applied stretching would better improvement in flexibility or not. Method: To achieve the intended objec...
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Intention to Donate Blood Among Health Care Workers of Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Kifle Lire Ratebo,
Amene Abebe Kerbo,
Befekadu Bekele Beshah
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, August 2020
Pages:
76-81
Received:
27 May 2020
Accepted:
28 June 2020
Published:
25 August 2020
Abstract: Background: Many people in the developing world die unnecessarily because of a shortage of blood for those in need. Securing sufficient blood in health care facilities is among the crucial components of effective health care services delivery. Health care workers are very close to patients in need of blood transfusion than anyone else. However, the donation of blood mostly depends voluntarily. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of intention to donate blood and associated factors among health care workers of Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted applying the Theory of Planned Behavior from November to December 2018. A total of 394 participants recruited the study with a response rate was 97%. Health centers were selected randomly and then the total sample size was proportionally allocated based on the number of health workers in each health center. A simple random sampling method was applied to select study participants. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Pearson Correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation of intention with the theory of planned behavior constructs. Descriptive statistics were used to describe sample characteristics. Multiple linear regression analysis was done to identify predictors of intention to blood donation. Standardized β coefficients and adjusted R2 values were used to interpret the effects and variability in the dependent variable, respectively. A P -value of P<0.05 was used to declare the presence of a statistical association. Result: The theory of planned behavior explained 34.8% of the total variability of intention to donate blood. The Mean of participants Intention to donate is 10.73 (+SD 3.04). Attitude to donate blood [β=.303; P<0.0001]; Subjective norm [β=.320; P<0.0001]; Perceived behavioral control [β=.101; P<0.001]. Socio-demographic variables, knowledge about donation and donation experience did not predict the intention to donate blood. Conclusion and Recommendations: Attitude to donate blood, Subjective norm towards blood donation, and perceived behavioral control to donate blood were significant predictors of behavioral intention to donate blood explaining 34.8% of total variability in the behavioral intention to donate blood. Interventions aimed at addressing attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control need are recommended.
Abstract: Background: Many people in the developing world die unnecessarily because of a shortage of blood for those in need. Securing sufficient blood in health care facilities is among the crucial components of effective health care services delivery. Health care workers are very close to patients in need of blood transfusion than anyone else. However, the...
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Potential of Silver Nano Particles Synthesized from Ficus sycomorus Linn Against Multidrug Resistant Shigella species Isolated from Clinical Specimens
Yunusa Saheed,
Ahmed Faruk Umar,
Mahmud Yerima Iliyasu
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, August 2020
Pages:
82-90
Received:
3 March 2020
Accepted:
24 March 2020
Published:
25 August 2020
Abstract: Ficus sycomorus Plant was known traditionally for its medicinal properties, Shigella species as a bacterial was also known for their resistance to orthodox medicine. Hence the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Ficus sycomorus. This study was carried out to investigate the anti-shigellosis potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Ficus sycomorus Linn stem bark aqueous extract against Multi-drug Resistant (MDR) Shigella species isolated from clinical specimen collected from patients attending Yobe State Specialist Hospital Damaturu, Nigeria. A total of 400 diarrhoeagenic stools were screened for isolation of Shigella species and determined their antibiotic susceptibility pattern using standard methods. Phytochemical constituents of Ficus sycomorus extract were used to synthesize silver nanoparticles using green synthesis approach. The nanoparticles was analyzed for transmittance, functional groups, sizes and shapes using Uv-vis, FTIR and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and was tested for antibacterial activities on MDR Shigella isolates. There is no significant difference in Shigella recovery relation to patients gender (P<0.05). The age group, 0 - 10 years were more susceptible, 40% (36), followed by >30 years (21). Shigella were also found to be sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (92%), Augmentin (87%), Cefuroxime (85%), Streptomycin (83.5%) while the most frequent resistance was showcased against Nalidixic Acid (48%), and Tetracycline (27%). Phytochemicals detected include saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside and tannin. Uv-vis showed broad peaks around 460nm, the FTIR showed C-H stretch of hydroxyl group of alkanes and the SEM showed nanoparticles with wide range of shapes and sizes. Anti-Shigella activities of silver nanoparticles is higher at zones of inhibition between 10mm and 30mm higher compared to the activities of crude aqueous extract and AgNO3 solution against the MDR Shigella species which showed an enhanced activities. The high prevalence of shigellosis among children in this study, indicated that improved hygiene is needed for children in the area and detailed examination is required for the treatment of diarrhoea in adults. Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin Clavulanate, Nalidixic acid could be used only where culture and sensitivity results prevailed. Enhanced traditional medicine should be given priority because of its potentials. This study have demonstrated feasibility of the green synthesis of F. sycomorus as a potent anti-shigellosis to combat the global burden of the disease. This is the first study On Stem bark aqueous extracts of F. sycomorus against Shigella species in the area.
Abstract: Ficus sycomorus Plant was known traditionally for its medicinal properties, Shigella species as a bacterial was also known for their resistance to orthodox medicine. Hence the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Ficus sycomorus. This study was carried out to investigate the anti-shigellosis potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Ficu...
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