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Physiological Health Criteria for Pyrethriod Insecticide: A Pre-test Study with Guinea Pigs
Felicia Ngozi Okoh,
Oliver Onyemaeze Odikamnoro,
Joy Ihuoma Nzei,
Ikem Chris Okoye,
Fabian Chukwuzubelu Okafor
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, August 2017
Pages:
97-102
Received:
6 May 2017
Accepted:
18 May 2017
Published:
7 July 2017
Abstract: A study of the use of lambdacyhalothrin (pyrethroid insecticide) treated curtains, mats and blankets as an alternative strategy to insecticide treated bed net for malaria control, was undertaken from 2003 to 2004 in Oruku – a sub-urban community in Nkanu East Local Government, very near Enugu in Enugu state of Nigeria. Prior to the village study, a pre-test study (safety testing) was done using Guinea pigs from January 2003 to April 2003. It was carried out inside zoological garden University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The objective of the pre-test study was to ascertain the effect of Lambdacyhalothrin on physiology of Guinea pigs before using it in human habitation (Guinea pig has physiology akin to human). The Guinea pigs were maintained in animal cages and acclimatized for four weeks before the introduction of the insecticide. Effect of the insecticide on vital physiological parameters of the Guinea pigs were measured weekly for 15 weeks. The data were analyzed using chi-square, ratio (fscore), correlation coefficient ‘r’ and coefficient of determination (r2). Result showed that Lambdacyhalothrin at 0.001mg/l to 0.050mg/l concentrations were well tolerated by the guinea pigs and was thought to be safe for use in human environment/habitation with no disruption of physiological activities.
Abstract: A study of the use of lambdacyhalothrin (pyrethroid insecticide) treated curtains, mats and blankets as an alternative strategy to insecticide treated bed net for malaria control, was undertaken from 2003 to 2004 in Oruku – a sub-urban community in Nkanu East Local Government, very near Enugu in Enugu state of Nigeria. Prior to the village study, a...
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Sperm Supply from the Testes to the Seminal Vesicle over Consecutive Matings in the Sweetpotato Weevil, Cylas formicarius (FABRICIUS) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Satoshi Hiroyoshi,
Gadi V. P. Reddy,
Tsuguo Kohama
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, August 2017
Pages:
103-107
Received:
6 June 2017
Accepted:
21 June 2017
Published:
18 July 2017
Abstract: The sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius, stores free sperm in both the testes and the seminal vesicle, even though the primary function of the testes is sperm production. Here, it was investigated sperm storage in the testes in relation to mating frequency. In particular, it was examined the effect of the positional relationship between the testes and seminal vesicle, on sperm storage by counting the number of sperm in those organs. After mating, not only were the number of free sperm in the seminal vesicle reduced, but also was the number in the testes, suggesting that free sperm stored in the testes moved into the seminal vesicle during or immediately after mating. Since this weevil seems to not regulate the number of sperm in the seminal vesicle for ejaculation, the sperm supply system of the testes may contribute ejaculate to support consecutive, multiple matings by this weevil.
Abstract: The sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius, stores free sperm in both the testes and the seminal vesicle, even though the primary function of the testes is sperm production. Here, it was investigated sperm storage in the testes in relation to mating frequency. In particular, it was examined the effect of the positional relationship between the teste...
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Immunotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Arsenic and Ameliorative Potential of Quercetin and Probiotics in Wistar Rat
Abeer Saeed Alahmari,
Khadiga Gamal Eldeen Adham,
Ahmad Rashed Alhimaidi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, August 2017
Pages:
108-115
Received:
8 July 2017
Accepted:
17 July 2017
Published:
11 August 2017
Abstract: Arsenic is a significant environmental public health concern. The aim of the present study is to investigate the possible immunotoxic and genotoxic roles of arsenic and the ameliorative effects of quercetin and probiotics as natural antioxidants. This study was performed on male adult Wistar rats divided into six groups: control, NaAsO2-treated, quercetin-treated, probiotic–treated, NaAsO2 and quercetin-treated, and NaAsO2 and probiotics-treated. Blood samples collected from all animals were prepared for some oxidative, immunological and genetic aspects. Administration of arsenic decreased body and spleen weight, reduced serum antioxidant defense parameters and DNA content, increased liver, kidney, and brain weights, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and serum cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ). Adding quercetin to arsenic was effective in restoring the altered values of cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6), MPO, MDA, catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) induced by arsenic, whereas the presence of probiotics was effective in reducing genotoxicity and improving the changes of cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Quercetin and probiotics are excellent antioxidant therapies, through their ability to suppress reactive oxygen species ROS production, which may contribute to arsenic toxicity.
Abstract: Arsenic is a significant environmental public health concern. The aim of the present study is to investigate the possible immunotoxic and genotoxic roles of arsenic and the ameliorative effects of quercetin and probiotics as natural antioxidants. This study was performed on male adult Wistar rats divided into six groups: control, NaAsO2-treated, qu...
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