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Isolation, Charcaterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Endophytic Bacteria in Rice Plant Cultivated on Soil of Phu Yen Province, Vietnam
Van Thi Phuong Nhu,
Cao Ngoc Diep
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2014
Pages:
117-127
Received:
7 May 2014
Accepted:
15 May 2014
Published:
30 May 2014
Abstract: Endophytic bacterial diversity in Rice plant cultivated on soil of Phu Yen province, Vietnam was studied. Rice plant samples were taken in eight sites (districts) of Phu Yen provinces of this region. Endophytic bacteria were isolated in three kinds of medium (LGI, NFb, RMR) together with 16S rRNA gene fragments amplified from DNA using eubacterial universal primers (p515FPL and p13B). A total of 561 isolates were isolated on three media and all of them have ability of nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization together with IAA biosynthesis but there were 73 isolates having the best characteristics and they were identified as rice endophytes and nifH gene. The sequences from selected endophytic bacteria (73 isolates) showed high degrees of similarity to those of the GenBank references strains (between 97% and 100%). From 73 isolates, 23 isolates belonged to Bacillus (31.54%), 44 isolates were Proteobacteria (60.24%), while 6 isolates were Bacteroides (8.22%). Based on Pi value (nucleotide diversity), Bacteroides group had the highest theta values in comparison of three groups and Theta values (per sequence) from S of SNP for DNA polymorphism were calculated for each group and Bacteroides group had the highest values in comparison of three group. From these results showed that thirteen strains (Bacillus megaterium TANa5, Bacillus methylotrophicus TAN17, Bacillus megaterium TALa14, Pseudomonas putida TAL1, Bacillus subtilis TAL4, Burkholderia kururiensis TAL22, Azospirillum amazonense SHL70, Bacillus subtilis DXL 136, Burkholderia kururiensis PHL87, Burkholderia vietnamiensis PHL103, Bacillus megaterium PHL105, Bacillus megaterium DHL154 and Bacillus subtilis SHIM60) revealed promising candidates with multiple beneficial characteristics and they have the potential for application as inoculants or bio-fertilizer adapted to poor soils and high-yielding rice because they are not only famous strains but also are safety strains for agricultural sustainable.
Abstract: Endophytic bacterial diversity in Rice plant cultivated on soil of Phu Yen province, Vietnam was studied. Rice plant samples were taken in eight sites (districts) of Phu Yen provinces of this region. Endophytic bacteria were isolated in three kinds of medium (LGI, NFb, RMR) together with 16S rRNA gene fragments amplified from DNA using eubacterial ...
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Darwin’s Theory is the Mixture of Malthus’s Theory and Lyell’s Theory and Darwin Use Wrong Lamarck’s Theory as Well as Believe as a Mechanism of Evolution
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2014
Pages:
128-137
Received:
16 April 2014
Accepted:
4 May 2014
Published:
30 May 2014
Abstract: Darwin’s theory of natural selection is a mixture of Lyell’s theory and Malthus’s theory and Darwin used wrong Lamarck’s theory, theme of sociologist Herbert Spencer ‘survival of the fittest’ plus believes as the mechanism of evolution. Evidences are provided form his paper 1858, ‘Origin of Species’ and ‘Descent of Man’ his autobiography and different text books. Diverse literatures showed that Lyell declared in ‘Principle of Geology’ that the earth was evolved from the simple to the modern stage by slow and gradual (he utilized gradual 170 times) process by natural forces during millions of years. Darwin applied this view to natural selection. But he used ‘living organisms’ in lieu of the ‘earth surface’ and confirmed that all the living organisms evolved by slow and gradual process from a few previous simple organisms over millions of years. Furthermore, Darwin used Lyell’s name and his idea gradual 27 times in ‘Origin of Species’ and 9 times in ‘Descent of Man’. Malthus argued in ‘Principle of population’ geometrical increasing of human population and confirmed that as many more individuals are born can possibly survive. So, there is often struggle for existence and competition is compulsory. Darwin adopted this idea in his theory of natural selection but he used ‘all living organisms’ instead of ‘Human’. Additionally, Darwin applied Malthus thought geometrical increase 11 times, struggle 84 times, existence 69 and competition 44 times in ‘Origin of Species’. Thus, Darwin synthesized natural selection by the mixture of Malthus theory and Lyell’s theory in 1889. Moreover, he applied wrong Lamarck’s theory disuse 41 places in ‘Origin of Species’ and 15 places in ‘Descent of Man’. He acknowledged that principles of natural selection is shadowed of forth principles of Lamarck and the problem of human evolution can never be solved by science. Man is considered with other some ancient, lower, and extinct form, Lamarck long ago came to this conclusion. Six classical World renowned persons (Darwin, Wallace, Malthus, Lyell, Lamarck and Spencer) direct related to development of ‘natural selection’ (Origin Species and Descent of Man) but four persons are academically nonscientist (Darwin, Malthus, Lyell and Spencer) even two main persons are academically clergyman man (Darwin and Malthus). Even, Darwin applied unscientific idea ‘I believe’ and similar theme 372 times in ‘Origin of Species’ and 264 times in ‘Descent of Man’. However, believe is not science as believe in God is not science.
Abstract: Darwin’s theory of natural selection is a mixture of Lyell’s theory and Malthus’s theory and Darwin used wrong Lamarck’s theory, theme of sociologist Herbert Spencer ‘survival of the fittest’ plus believes as the mechanism of evolution. Evidences are provided form his paper 1858, ‘Origin of Species’ and ‘Descent of Man’ his autobiography and differ...
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Ameliorating Effects of Curcumin and Propolis against the Reproductive Toxicity of Gentamicin in Adult Male Guinea Pigs: Quantitative Analysis and Morphological Study
Fathy Ahmed Fetouh,
Azab El Saied Azab
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2014
Pages:
138-149
Received:
13 May 2014
Accepted:
26 May 2014
Published:
30 May 2014
Abstract: Infertility is a growing worldwide problem and about half of the causes could be traced in male partner. Aim of the work: the present work aimed to study propolis and curcumin for their potential ameliorative effects on reproductive toxicity induced by gentamicin in guinea pigs from morphological and quantitative aspects. Materials and methods: 36 guinea pigs were used for this study and divided into 6 groups. The first 3 groups were control (normal control, curcumin administered, and propolis administered), the 4th group was the experimental and administered gentamicin at a dose of 5 mg/kg body wt for 10 days, and in the 5th and 6th groups, gentamicin was co-administered with propolis and curcumin at the doses of 50 mg, and 10 mg/kg body wt respectively. The animals were sacrificed and the testes were dissected out from which specimens were obtained. The specimens were processed for light microscopic examinations and quantitative analysis. Blood samples were obtained for assessment of plasma testosterone level. Results: Structurally, in gentamicin treated animals, the seminiferous tubules showed sloughing of the germinal epithelium into lumen where sperms were few. The basement membrane appeared thick, irregular and degenerated. Wide interstitial spaces with few Leydig cells were observed. From the quantitative aspect, the percent of volume density and absolute volume of seminiferous tubules were significantly reduced. Also, the diameter, total length, and total surface area of seminiferous tubules were significantly reduced. The numbers of Sertoli cells, round spermatids and daily sperm production per testis and per gram of testicular tissue were significantly decreased in gentamicin treated guinea pigs. As regard to endocrine part of the testis, the percent of volume density of Leydig cell nuclei, the total number of Leydig cells, and plasma testosterone level were significantly decreased in gentamicin treated guinea pigs. With co-administration of propolis and curcumin, the structure of seminiferous tubules improved and their lumens were full of bundles of sperms. Also, all the parameters of seminiferous tubules and total numbers of Sertoli cells, round spermatids, daily sperm production and Leydig cells were ameliorated significantly as compared to gentamicin treated animals. Also, the testosterone level was improved. Conclusion: It can be concluded that, the gentamicin even at therapeutic dose can have adverse impacts on male reproduction. Administration of propolis or curcumin can ameliorate these effects. So, the patients while treated by gentamicin should be advised to use one of them.
Abstract: Infertility is a growing worldwide problem and about half of the causes could be traced in male partner. Aim of the work: the present work aimed to study propolis and curcumin for their potential ameliorative effects on reproductive toxicity induced by gentamicin in guinea pigs from morphological and quantitative aspects. Materials and methods: 36 ...
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The Effect of Exposure to Suspended Sediment in Mortality of Corbicula Fluminea (Müller, 1774) (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae)
Neves Fernando F.,
Lavrador Marco A. S.,
Costa Álvaro S.,
Avelar Wagner E. P.
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2014
Pages:
150-154
Received:
14 May 2014
Accepted:
3 June 2014
Published:
10 June 2014
Abstract: The erosion of rural watersheds, especially in the rainy season, deposit sediments in the waterways, and subsequently brings about one of the most important physicochemical changes in our water resources: the rise in their turbidity parameters. For freshwater bivalves, changes in water turbidity have a significant impact because they are filter feeders and depend on stable water conditions to regulate their physiological functions. Our preliminary studies have already demonstrated Corbicula fluminea`s (Müller 1774) intolerance to increases the turbidity of the water. In the current paper, we conducted research in the watersheds of the Pardo and Mogi rivers (State of São Paulo - Brazil). Under laboratory conditions, we did not observe statistical differences in the mortality rate of C. fluminea to turbidity levels of 150, 200 and 250 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). Mortality rates of approximately 50% were observed when the specimens were exposed to these conditions for 96 to 120 hours. Results indicate that the species is sensitive or even intolerant to changes in turbidity, caused by suspended sediment, which explains the high mortality and the seasonal decline in the population of this species during rainy periods. The methodology used in this research, supported by the results produced, may indicate a new way of studying the decline of molluscan biodiversity that has been observed throughout Brazil.
Abstract: The erosion of rural watersheds, especially in the rainy season, deposit sediments in the waterways, and subsequently brings about one of the most important physicochemical changes in our water resources: the rise in their turbidity parameters. For freshwater bivalves, changes in water turbidity have a significant impact because they are filter fee...
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Analysis of Questionnaires Surveys and Overviews On the Gaps of Past Research Causing Plant Disease and People Health Hazards in the Sundarbans
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2014
Pages:
155-163
Received:
20 May 2014
Accepted:
6 June 2014
Published:
20 June 2014
Abstract: Coastal belts render energy & operative support to people and natural resources (Awal, M.A.2007). But the Sundarbans is being contaminated by various environmental factors such as heavy metal contaminations in soil and water as well as people health (Awal, M.A. 2014). So, a questionnaire survey was conducted among different groups of people inside and outside of Sundarbans to explore local perceptions as to the possible causes of disease of plants in Sundarbans (Awal, M.A.2009). This confirmed the increase in top-dying prevalence. Despite various hypotheses as to the causes of this top-dying, the underlying causes are still not well understood. The present work has explored some of the possible factors involved, focussing particularly on the relationship among the amount of top-dying in different places and the human destruction of Sundarbans ecosystem as well as abnormal concentrations of a number of chemical elements present in the soil, in order to test the hypothesis that ecological pollution, along with chemical pollution might be responsible. Of the hypotheses previously put forward to explain top-dying, the present results do not support enhanced salinity as the cause. It is likely that several of the above-mentioned environmental factors interact with each other to induce top dying in Sundri (Awal, M.A. 2004). However, the present results have showed that Sn, Exchangeable K, soil pH, Pb, Zn and Ni could be directly linked with top-dying disease of Heritiera fomes (Sundri) in Sundarbans, probably particularly by weakening the vigour of the trees and people and allowing other factors such as pathological agents to attack the plants and surrounding people in Sundarbans, Bangladesh (Awal, 2014).
Abstract: Coastal belts render energy & operative support to people and natural resources (Awal, M.A.2007). But the Sundarbans is being contaminated by various environmental factors such as heavy metal contaminations in soil and water as well as people health (Awal, M.A. 2014). So, a questionnaire survey was conducted among different groups of people inside ...
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To Investigate the Correlation of Proton Leak and Current Produced from Animal Cells by Microbial Fuel Cells
Karen Poon,
Tse Chiu Chung,
Chang Xu,
Ruihua Wang
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2014
Pages:
176-181
Received:
5 April 2014
Accepted:
26 April 2014
Published:
30 June 2014
Abstract: Proton leak has been implicated in various chronic diseases like diabetes and cancer. In this study, current from intact cells, including mice liver cells, pig blood cells and human breast cancer cell MCF-7 were measured by microbial fuel cells (MFC). Positive current change in normal liver cells were induced by either 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) or Piceatonnol. The effect of DNP in enhancing the proton conductivity would increase the degree of positive current change, while Piceatonnol in improving the mitochondria membrane potential would support the sustainability of the positive current change with time. Piceatonnol was found to be more effective in inducing positive current change in cancer cells than in liver cells. The higher effectiveness of Piceatonnol to cancer cells would be explained by the high proton leak condition of the cells, and so increased the current production. Little positive current change could be induced in red blood cell by either DNP or Piceatonnol. Results supported the hypothesis of the high mitochondria membrane potential to support the positive current change in cells with time, while the proton conductivity determined the degree of positive current change. The condition of proton leak of cells seemed to be the limiting factor for the positive current change in cells.
Abstract: Proton leak has been implicated in various chronic diseases like diabetes and cancer. In this study, current from intact cells, including mice liver cells, pig blood cells and human breast cancer cell MCF-7 were measured by microbial fuel cells (MFC). Positive current change in normal liver cells were induced by either 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) or Pi...
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Mapsin Expression in Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma and Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Sahar Mohamed El-Sheikh,
Amani Noureldin Abd El-Latif
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2014
Pages:
182-189
Received:
9 June 2014
Accepted:
13 June 2014
Published:
30 June 2014
Abstract: Salivary gland tumors comprise a significant proportion of oral tumors. Maspin is a non-inhibitory serine protease inhibitor (serpin). It is supposed to suppress tumor-induced angiogenesis, tumor cell motility, invasion and metastasis. Objectives: To evaluate salivary gland tumors clinically, investigate the immunoexpression of maspin in mucoepidermoid and adenocystic carcinoma of the salivary gland tumors and to detect the correlation of maspin expression with biological behavior of these tumors.Materials and methods: Fourteen cases of malignant salivary gland tumors were retrieved from the Oral Pathology files of Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt. The study included eight cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, six cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Two specimens of normal salivary tissue were taken as control.Results: The difference in mean optical density of maspin expression between low-grade and high-grade MEC was calculated. Optical density was higher in low-grade type compared to the high grade one with a significant difference (P< 0.05).Moreover, the results of this study showed difference between the MOD of adenoid cystic carcinoma subtypes, with the solid subtype expressing the lowest percentage. Conclusion: Maspin protein is overexpressed in low grade malignant salivary gland tumors, and decrease as the histological malignancy rises so it can be used as prognostic marker in salivary gland carcinoma. In addition, maspin could serve as a therapeutic target in salivary gland tumors including recombinant protein or gene therapy.
Abstract: Salivary gland tumors comprise a significant proportion of oral tumors. Maspin is a non-inhibitory serine protease inhibitor (serpin). It is supposed to suppress tumor-induced angiogenesis, tumor cell motility, invasion and metastasis. Objectives: To evaluate salivary gland tumors clinically, investigate the immunoexpression of maspin in mucoepider...
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