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Isolation and Screening of Protease Producing Bacteria from Local Environment for Detergent Additive
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
116-124
Received:
15 June 2017
Accepted:
23 June 2017
Published:
30 August 2017
Abstract: Proteases are among the most important hydrolytic enzymes that found in every organism to undertake important physiological functions. They are multipurpose enzymes used in various industries such as detergent, silver recovery, food, pharmaceutical, leather, and textile industries. This work aimed to produce protease from indigenous microbes for use as detergent additive. Isolation of protease producer was undertaken using skim milk agar medium. Crude enzyme was characterized in terms of wash and stain removal tests. A total of 188 protease positive bacteria were isolated from seven samples collected from Arba Minch town. Out of 36 alkaline protease producing bacteria, one isolate designated as Bacillus sp. Cab44 was selected. The optimum activity was reached at pH 9 and 50°C. The enzyme was stable in the pH range of 7 to 10. It retained 75%, 86% and 72% activity after one hr pre-incubation at 50°C, in 15% H2O2 and 0.3% commercial detergent respectively. The enzyme activity was increased by Mg2+, Cu2+, and Mn2+, was not affected by Ca2+ but decreased by Zn2+, Hg2+ and Fe2+. It removed stains of blood and egg yolk on cotton cloth at pH 9, 40°C, 5.07 U/ml in 30-40 min. These properties suggest that protease from Bacillus sp. Cab44 could find potential application in detergent industries as good candidate of additive in detergent formulation which have economic implication.
Abstract: Proteases are among the most important hydrolytic enzymes that found in every organism to undertake important physiological functions. They are multipurpose enzymes used in various industries such as detergent, silver recovery, food, pharmaceutical, leather, and textile industries. This work aimed to produce protease from indigenous microbes for us...
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Free Radical Scavenging Property of Picralima nitida Seed Extract on Malaria-Induced Albino Mice
Nwankwo Nicodemus E.,
Nwodo Fred O. C.,
Joshua Parker E.
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
125-133
Received:
3 March 2017
Accepted:
28 March 2017
Published:
21 September 2017
Abstract: Antioxidants help to mop up free radicals that serious damage to the body system and hence are referred to as free radical scavengers. The main objective of this study was to assess the antioxidant property of ethanol seed extract of Picralima nitida in malaria-induce mice. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) were assayed; malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite levels were determined. The levels of nitrite and MDA and the SOD activity of the drug-treated groups of mice were significantly (p < 0.05) lower on days 3 and 5 post treatment compared to the group induced with malaria but not treated (positive control). The MPO activity of the drug-treated groups of mice was significantly (p < 0.05) higher on day 3 post treatment while its activity in mice treated with 40 and 80 mg/kg b.w. of the extract were significantly (p < 0.05) lower on day 5 post treatment compared to the positive control. In the group treated with 80 mg/kg b.w. of the extract, the TrxR activity was significantly (p < 0.05) lower on days 3 and 5 post treatment compared to the positive control. Picralima nitida seed extract was found to possess good antioxidant properties.
Abstract: Antioxidants help to mop up free radicals that serious damage to the body system and hence are referred to as free radical scavengers. The main objective of this study was to assess the antioxidant property of ethanol seed extract of Picralima nitida in malaria-induce mice. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide...
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Initial Growth Responses of Multipurpose Tree Species Under Termite Infested Areas at Mana Sibu District of West Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
134-139
Received:
30 July 2017
Accepted:
24 August 2017
Published:
22 September 2017
Abstract: An experimental study was carried out at Mana Sibu district of West Wollega zone, Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia to evaluate and select multipurpose tree species for rehabilitation of termite degraded area. Seven tree species (Cordia africana, Melia azedrach, Albizia gummifera, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Acacia mearnsii, Acacia albida and Croton macrostychus) were used for the experiment and both organic and inorganic fertilizers were also used as a treatment to support the seedlings for initial survival. The treatments were arranged in the split plot using RCB Design with three replications in which the fertilizers were randomized on main plots and tree species on sub plots of the main plot. Data on dead seedlings count of the planted trees, Root collar diameter and height of the tree species were collected. SPSS statistical computer software was used to analyze the data. The result of the analysis revealed that there was significance difference between the survival counts of tree species with respect to termite attack. Hence, Cordia africana and Acacia mearnsii were the most susceptible (p<0.05) tree species to termite attack followed by Albizia gummifera and Croton macrostychus, whereas Jacaranda mimosifolia and Melia azedarach were tolerant as compared to the others. There was no significance difference between the applications of the different fertilizers to support the seedlings for initial growth and survival but there was numerical difference such that application of inorganic fertilizer had more survival followed by organic fertilizer application. However, plots with no fertilizer application (control) showed less survival than both fertilizers. In general Jacaranda mimosifolia and Melia azedarach were very tolerant to termite attack followed by Albizia gummifera when compared to Cordia africana and Acacia mearnsii which were very susceptible. However, application of any fertilizer type for supporting the initial survival of the seedlings was not important from an economic point of view since there was no statistically significance difference with the control. Therefore, selection of appropriate tree species which tolerate termite attack without the application of any fertilizer for rehabilitation of termite degraded areas was very crucial.
Abstract: An experimental study was carried out at Mana Sibu district of West Wollega zone, Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia to evaluate and select multipurpose tree species for rehabilitation of termite degraded area. Seven tree species (Cordia africana, Melia azedrach, Albizia gummifera, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Acacia mearnsii, Acacia albida and Croton macro...
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Role of Explants and NAA on Callus Induction of Potato (Solanum tuberosum)
Md. Abu Kawochar,
Nizam Uddin Ahmed,
Md. Iqbal Hossain,
Jannatul Ferdous
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
140-144
Received:
27 April 2017
Accepted:
31 July 2017
Published:
2 October 2017
Abstract: An experiment was conducted to study the role of NAA and different explants on callus induction of potato varieties. There were three factors such as variety (Diamant, Heera and Cardinal), explants (leaves and internodes) and NAA levels (0, 2, 3, 4, 5 mg L-1). The experiment was laid out in complete randomized design with three replications. Minimum 6-8 days was required for callus initiation of internode of Cardinal in 3 mg L-1 NAA while the maximum 22-25 days was required for internode of Cardinal in 5 mg L-1 NAA. Both the leaf and internode of Heera produced 100% callus while Cardinal produced minimum callus (37.7 and 20.8% for leaf and internode, respectively) in 5 mg L-1 NAA. Neither leaf nor internode produced callus without NAA. Internode of Diamant, Heera and Cardinal produced 100% compact calli in 4, 3 and 5 mg L-1 NAA respectively. Leaf of Diamant without NAA produced the highest weight (0.667 g) of callus after one month. After two months, internode of Cardinal showed the highest weight (0.205 g) of calli in 3 mg L-1 NAA. Therefore, the present protocol has the potential for the rapid multiplication of true-to-type clones without changing the genetic fidelity.
Abstract: An experiment was conducted to study the role of NAA and different explants on callus induction of potato varieties. There were three factors such as variety (Diamant, Heera and Cardinal), explants (leaves and internodes) and NAA levels (0, 2, 3, 4, 5 mg L-1). The experiment was laid out in complete randomized design with three replications. Minimu...
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Registration of “Haydaroo” Newly Released Emmer Wheat (Triticum dicoccum L.) Variety for Bale Highland Areas
Mulatu Aberra Ebsa,
Tilahun Bayisa Worku,
Tesfaye Letta Dugo
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
145-149
Received:
16 May 2017
Accepted:
31 May 2017
Published:
2 October 2017
Abstract: Ethiopia has suitable environmental condition for emmer wheat production. However, the productivity of emmer wheat is very low as compared with world average due to lack of stable, improved seed and poor agronomic managements. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the promising genotypes and verify the most stable, uniform, high yielding and disease resistant emmer wheat for highland areas of Bale. The materials were crossed at Sinana Agricultural Research Center; i.e. emmer wheat crossed with durum to improve yield and thresh ability of emmer wheat. The experiment was carried out at two locations namely Sinana and Goba. Including checks 15 genotypes have been evaluated in three replicated of randomized complete block design (RCBD). The trial was studied for three consecutive years (2013, 2014 and 2015) main cropping seasons. After evaluation of genotypes across location and years, Haydaroo was selected and verified for one year (2016) at multilocation. Haydaroo is a common name given for the newly released emmer wheat variety that a pedigree designation of “Sinana_01 x DZ2212//Sinana_01”. Haydaroo (Sinana_01x DZ2212//Sinana_01) had above average yield performance in most tested environments, out yielded for Sinana-01 and Local check varieties. The mean average grain yield of Haydaroo is 30.24 quintal per hector. It is stabile and uniform across locations. Finally, it was evaluated by National Variety Releasing Committee and recommended for release in 2017 for high lands of Bale and similar agro-ecologies.
Abstract: Ethiopia has suitable environmental condition for emmer wheat production. However, the productivity of emmer wheat is very low as compared with world average due to lack of stable, improved seed and poor agronomic managements. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the promising genotypes and verify the most stable, uniform, high yie...
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