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Extraction of Some Secondary Metabolites &Thin Layer Chromatography from Different Parts of Centella Asiatica L. (URB)
Sanjay R. Biradar,
Bhagyashri D. Rachetti
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 6, December 2013
Pages:
243-247
Received:
30 August 2013
Published:
30 November 2013
Abstract: Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. known as Brahmi, Indian Pennywort and Mandookaparni is a small herbaceous annual plant of the family Apiaceae, It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments & ayurvedic treatment for many diseases. Present study deals with the qualitative and quantitative analysis of ethanolic extract of root, stem & leaf of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. A qualitative analysis by thin layer chromatography & a quantitative analysis by standard chemical protocol of secondary metabolites in the root, stem and leaf of the Centella asiatica L. (URB) have been studied. Using thin layer chromatography (TLC) different components like Alkaloids, Saponin, Flavonoids, Terpenoides, Phenol & Tannin are isolated & identified. The Rf values of the developed spots in the different solvent systems are noted. In the quantitative analysis, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids & flavonoids are extracted by using the standard chemical protocol. These results may be helpful for rationale use of this plant in the modern system of health care.
Abstract: Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. known as Brahmi, Indian Pennywort and Mandookaparni is a small herbaceous annual plant of the family Apiaceae, It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments & ayurvedic treatment for many diseases. Present study deals with the qualitative and quantitative analysis of ethanolic extract of root,...
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Alleviation of Salinity Stress in White Corn (Zea mays L.) Plant by Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 6, December 2013
Pages:
248-255
Received:
13 November 2013
Published:
30 November 2013
Abstract: This experiment was conducted to study the effect of exogenous application of Salicylic Acid ( 200 ppm) to alleviate the damage in Zea mays L. plants under different NaCl doses (20, 40, 60 and 100 mMol). Shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights, leaf area, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll stability index were measured. The antioxidant enzymes (lipid peroxidase and glutathione) activities were estimated. NaCl significantly (P > 0.05) reduced all measured growth parameters, photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant oxidative enzyme contents. Exogenous application of SA alleviated the inhibitory effects of NaCl on Zea Mays plants. SA enhanced plant salt tolerance in terms of improving the measured plant growth criteria. Moreover, the antioxidant enzyme contents were enhanced in response to NaCl and/or SA treatment providing s synergistic interaction. The toxic effects generated by the lower concentration of NaCl (20mM) were completely overcome by the application of SA .SA ameliorated the stress generated by NaCl through the antioxidant system and the stability of the photosynthetic process.
Abstract: This experiment was conducted to study the effect of exogenous application of Salicylic Acid ( 200 ppm) to alleviate the damage in Zea mays L. plants under different NaCl doses (20, 40, 60 and 100 mMol). Shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights, leaf area, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll stability index were measur...
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Prevalence of Cryptosporidium Parvum among Children in Iraq
Abdulsadah A. Rahi,
Magda A. Ali,
Alaa H. Al-Charrakh
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 6, December 2013
Pages:
256-260
Received:
3 April 2013
Published:
10 December 2013
Abstract: Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by an apicomplexan protozoa of. Cryptosporidium parvum is the specific infective agent in human . The present study aimed to search for the presence of C. parvumand to determine the prevalence of this parasite among children in Kut city, Iraq. Six hundred stool samples were collected from children less than twelve years old from October 2011 to May 2012. Stool samples were inspected by modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast stain and ELISA. Results indicated that 203 cases gave positive results (33.83 %) and 397 cases gave negative results (66.17%) with Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast stain . The higher infection, 115 (19.17%) appeared in age (<1) year while the lower infection 37 (6.17%) appeared in age (1-6) years. There was association between anemia 66.01% (134/203), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) 66.01% (134/203), White Blood Cells Count (WBC's) 66.01% (134/203) that showed increase in number, and infection with cryptosporidiosis, respectively. The high percentage of positive cases (100%) was recorded in microscopic examination compared to 72.5% (129/178) of positive cases detected by ELISA assay. The present study is the first record of cryptosporidiosis among children in Wasit Province, Iraq. It demonstrated clearly a high prevalence rate of C. parvum among children of less than 12 years old in Iraq. ELISA technique will be of great value in the rapid and accurate diagnosis of C. parvum in human fecal materials.
Abstract: Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by an apicomplexan protozoa of. Cryptosporidium parvum is the specific infective agent in human . The present study aimed to search for the presence of C. parvumand to determine the prevalence of this parasite among children in Kut city, Iraq. Six hundred stool samples were collected from children le...
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Morphology of Megalopae from Diogenidae Family (Decapoda, Anomura) in Veracruz, South-Western Gulf of Mexico: Identification Keys to Genus and Species
Sergio Cházaro-Olvera,
Ignacio Winfield Aguilar,
Manuel Ortiz Touzet,
Eduardo Cházaro-Martínez,
Horacio Vázquez-López,
Guillermo Javier Horta-Puga
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 6, December 2013
Pages:
261-266
Received:
13 November 2013
Published:
10 December 2013
Abstract: The morphology of Diogenidae megalopa collected in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico was analyzed; the characters considered were: number of segments from the flagellum of the antenna, size and shape of the carapace, number of setae of the scaphognathite of the maxilla, abdomen size, size and number of setae of the endopod and exopod of uropods and number of setae in the posterior margin of telson. A total of 4023 megalopae were obtained and eight species were identified: Calcinus tibicen, Clibanarius antillensis, C. vittatus, C. cubensis, Dardanus insignis, Paguristes sericeus, P. spinipes and Petrochirus diogenes. The species of genus Clibanarius are distinguished by the suboval shape of the telson and have less than nine setae in their posterior margin. The difference between Clibanarius species is given by the number of setae on the scaphognathite of the maxilla and the number of segments in the flagellum of the antenna. The scaphognathite of D. insignis and P. diogenes have more than 70 setae; the difference between these two species is the number of setae on exopods of the uropods. The megalopa of P. sericeus presented six segments on the antenna, P. spinipes and C. tibicen have 10 segments, the difference between these two species is that P. spinipes has 26 setae in the scaphognathite and C. tibicen has 65. With a morphological analysis it was possible to structure a key for genus and species identification. These keys are the first contribution for the identification of Diogenidae megalopae in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico.
Abstract: The morphology of Diogenidae megalopa collected in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico was analyzed; the characters considered were: number of segments from the flagellum of the antenna, size and shape of the carapace, number of setae of the scaphognathite of the maxilla, abdomen size, size and number of setae of the endopod and exopod of uropods and n...
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Use of Multiplex PCR Assay for Detection of Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli in Street Vended Food Items
Nishat Sarker,
Sharmin Islam,
Mehedi Hasan,
Farzana Kabir,
Md. Aftab Uddin,
Rashed Noor
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 6, December 2013
Pages:
267-272
Received:
18 November 2013
Published:
20 December 2013
Abstract: Pathogenic forms of Escherichia coli are commonly known to cause a variety of diarrheal diseases in hosts. Present study was designed to identify such pathogenic E. coli isolates from 7 different groups of street vended foods including cream, egg, non fried dry food and fried dry food, salad, cooked and non cooked items. Among 400 samples studied, almost all were found to be contaminated with an array of bacteria ranging between 3.24×102 -6.5×109 cfu/g. Results of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay revealed that out of 130 isolates of E. coli screened from all categories of food items, 52 (13%) were found to be enterotoxigenic E. coli, 32 (8%) were the Shiga toxin producing E. coli isolates, 14 (3.5%) were enteropathogenic and 6 (1.5%) were found to be enteroinvasive isolates. Results of plasmid profiling of the isolates was further in agreement to the presence of different pathogenic E. coli strains.
Abstract: Pathogenic forms of Escherichia coli are commonly known to cause a variety of diarrheal diseases in hosts. Present study was designed to identify such pathogenic E. coli isolates from 7 different groups of street vended foods including cream, egg, non fried dry food and fried dry food, salad, cooked and non cooked items. Among 400 samples studied, ...
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Study of Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cinnamon (Cinamomum Tamala), Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) and Turmeric (Curcuma Longa)
Ranjit Thakur,
Kamlesh Yadav,
Khim Bahadur Khadka
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 6, December 2013
Pages:
273-277
Received:
30 November 2013
Published:
20 December 2013
Abstract: Ethanol extract of ginger, turmeric and cinnamon was assessed for its antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring FRAP (ferric reducing-antioxidant power) assay. The antibacterial efficacy was determined using paper disc method against different gram negative bacterial and sensitivity in terms of zones of inhibition of all extract were also determined. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using Proteinase inhibitory assay. Aspirin was used as a standard drug for the study of anti-inflammatory activity. The result shows that the ethanolic extract of the ginger and turmeric were effective against all the bacteria tested, where as the ethanolic extract of cinnamon was failure in inhibiting the growth of all bacteria tested. The ethanolic extract of ginger possessed strong antioxidant activity in FRAP method. The ethanolic extracts of ginger shows the largest antioxidant FRAP value where as the turmeric ethanolic extract showed the minimum antioxidant FRAP value which were given as 3.86 mM/100gm and 0.38 mM/100gm respectively. The FRAP value for the ethanolic cinnamon extract was found to be 0.40 mM/100gm. The ethanolic extract of ginger and turmeric also showed in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the proteinase activity. Proteinase activity was significantly inhibited by ginger (78.49%), turmeric (66.48%) and cinnamon (58.72%) at 800ug/ml concentration. From the result it is concluded that the ginger, turmeric and cinnamon ethanol extract showed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity where as the ginger and turmeric ethanol extract exhibited the antibacterial activity.
Abstract: Ethanol extract of ginger, turmeric and cinnamon was assessed for its antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring FRAP (ferric reducing-antioxidant power) assay. The antibacterial efficacy was determined using paper disc method against different gram negative bacterial and sensitiv...
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A Study on Nutritional Status of the Adolescent Girls at Khagrachhari District in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh
G. M. Mosarrof Hossain,
Md. Tanvir Sarwar,
M. Hafizur Rahman,
Shakh M. A. Rouf,
Salim Raza,
Asad Ud- Daula,
Sabir Hossain
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 6, December 2013
Pages:
278-282
Received:
25 November 2013
Published:
20 December 2013
Abstract: This study deals with the nutritional profile of adolescent girls on the basis of data collected from sample survey of 300 respondents from Khagrachhari district in Chittagong hill tracts region of Bangladesh by cross sectional method. This study found that about 66.00% of adolescent girls lived in rural and only 34.00% lived in urban area of Khagrachhari district. About 93.00% of adolescent girls were tribes and only 7.00% were Bengali. According to the BMI level 41.33% of adolescent girls were underweight, 35.00% normal, 8.33% overweight and 6.67% obese. Their nutritional status were very poor because 65% adolescent girls intake low food, 15.67% undergo married during adolescent period. Among the adolescent girls the percentage of non school going was 11.60 and above class eight were only 21.67. The light spark of this study is 28.34% of the adolescent girl's intake diet more than the normal (1900 kcal. per day), 63.40% maintains hygienity. Study also shows that nutritional awareness developed 43.33% through mass media such as Television, Radio and Newspaper. Friends and family members also play a vital role to improve their nutritional awareness.
Abstract: This study deals with the nutritional profile of adolescent girls on the basis of data collected from sample survey of 300 respondents from Khagrachhari district in Chittagong hill tracts region of Bangladesh by cross sectional method. This study found that about 66.00% of adolescent girls lived in rural and only 34.00% lived in urban area of Khagr...
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