Isolation of Fungal Pathogens of Stored Maize, Zea mays L., in Seka Chokersa District of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
42-44
Received:
1 April 2021
Accepted:
19 May 2021
Published:
27 May 2021
Abstract: Maize, the most common stable food in Africa, is attacked by different pests during its production and post-harvest. Fungi are usually responsible for the deterioration of maize seedlings and grains right in the field or in storage. Storage fungi usually invade grain or seed during storage and are generally not present in large quantities before harvest in the field. They cause quality loss through their production of toxic byproducts which has high risk for human and animal health. The most common storage fungi are species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. This short study was conducted with an objective of isolating and identifying the major fungi genera associated with stored maize grain in Seka Chokersa district of Jimma Zone in 2017. Samples were taken from farmers traditional storage containers. For isolation, the fungi were grown on PDA medium and identified morphologically using a dissecting microscope. Accordingly, common stored cereal grain fungi genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium were morphologically identified off the samples collected to their genus level. Among these fungi, Aspergillus spp. was identified with high frequency (86.6%) followed by Fusarium spp. (53.3%) and Penicillium spp. (40%). Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium are among the top fungi genera deteriorating stored cereal grain which have high health risk for both human and animal.
Abstract: Maize, the most common stable food in Africa, is attacked by different pests during its production and post-harvest. Fungi are usually responsible for the deterioration of maize seedlings and grains right in the field or in storage. Storage fungi usually invade grain or seed during storage and are generally not present in large quantities before ha...
Show More
Documentation of Traditional Knowledge Associated with Medicinal Animals in West Gojjam Zone of Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Manaye Misganaw,
Nigusie Seboka,
Abiyesilassie Mulatu
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
45-54
Received:
15 March 2021
Accepted:
21 May 2021
Published:
27 May 2021
Abstract: Ethnozoology and Zootherapeutic research is very limited and little attention has been given in Ethiopia. The study was designed to investigate and document traditional knowledge associated with medicinal animals in West Gojjam Zone of Javitenan, North Achefer, and Bahir Dar Zuria districts. Ethnozoological data were collected using structured questionnaires and use value (UV), informant consensus factor (ICF), fidelity level (FL), preferential ranking, and paired comparison were analyzed. A total of 26 animal species were identified and recorded as a source of medicine to treat 33 types of ailments. Animal-derived medicines of Bos indicus, Trigona spp., and Apis mellifera were frequently reported species to treat various ailments. Bos indicus, Trigona spp., Apis mellifera, Hyaenidae carnivora, and Labeobarbus spp. were the most frequent use-value reports (84%, 52%, 43%, 37% 36%) respectively. Informants reported 25 animal parts to treat ailments. Honey and meat took the highest frequency use report followed by purified butter, Milk, Liver, fatty meat, and Cheese stored more than 7 years were described with an average ICF value of 69%. A maximum degree of consensus was developed for the remedy of the evil eye (88%) followed by dry cough, swelling, and hepatitis 82% each. Use of animal-derived medicine from Liotrigona spp. used to relive dry-cough tend to have the highest FL (80%); followed by Labeobarbus spp. for swelling (33%) and Trigona spp. for dry-cough (30%). Paired comparisons revealed that purified butter > 2 years, Cheese > 7 years, honey of Liotrigona spp. (YetinignTazma), and honey of Trigona spp. (Tazma) was the most popular and efficacious animal-derived medicines to cure malaria and ranked 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th, respectively. Results of this study recorded the most popular animal-derived medicine to cure various ailments. Thus, the government must strengthen traditional healers with training, club formation, material and financial support, and improve means of protecting their intellectual property rights. Moreover, chemists and pharmacists should undergo a detailed study to identify which chemical constituent of animal and animal products is responsible for the respective treatment of ailments in the study area.
Abstract: Ethnozoology and Zootherapeutic research is very limited and little attention has been given in Ethiopia. The study was designed to investigate and document traditional knowledge associated with medicinal animals in West Gojjam Zone of Javitenan, North Achefer, and Bahir Dar Zuria districts. Ethnozoological data were collected using structured ques...
Show More
Application Frequency of Beauvaria bassiana Isolates Against Antestia Bugs (Antetiopsis intircata: Pentatomidea, Hemimptera) Management
Belay Abate,
Nagasa Dechassa
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
55-59
Received:
5 May 2021
Accepted:
24 June 2021
Published:
30 June 2021
Abstract: The production and productivity of coffee is affected by many insect pests and Ethiopian farmers get below 0.636 tons per hectare. Among insect pests Antestia bug is the major coffee insect pest affecting coffee productions. Therefore, the study was carried out to determine the frequency of promised Entomopathogenic fungi isolates against antestia bug. The experiment was done in Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Entomology and Pathology laboratories. Used entomopathogenic fungi isolates were brought from Ambo Agricultural Research Center. Two isolates of Beauvaria bassiana, PPRC-44BC and PPRC-27J isolates applied at 1x108 conidia ml-1 and three times were used for the experiment. Completely randomized design with three replications and probit analysis were used for data analysis by using SAS software version 9.3. PPRC-44BC and PPRC-27J isolates killed all the tested Antestia bugs in exposure time. The isolates applied three times reduced median lethal time by 42.13 and 38.89%, respectively as compared to with their respective one time application. The correlation result also showed that there was strong negative correlation between application frequency of isolates and median lethal times (LT50 and LT90 were r=-0.811 and r=-0.714, respectively). The study indicated that the more frequently applied isolates the shorter the median lethal time. This showed promising result in the microbials based insect pest management methods and need further investigations under field conditions and the effect of these isolates against natural enemies of the pest.
Abstract: The production and productivity of coffee is affected by many insect pests and Ethiopian farmers get below 0.636 tons per hectare. Among insect pests Antestia bug is the major coffee insect pest affecting coffee productions. Therefore, the study was carried out to determine the frequency of promised Entomopathogenic fungi isolates against antestia ...
Show More
