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Antibacterial Activity of Mentha pulegium L. from Turkey
Murat Aycan,
Mustafa Yildiz,
Selcen Darcin,
Kenan Tunc,
Aysegul Hos,
Elif Dundar
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
383-386
Received:
21 October 2015
Accepted:
29 October 2015
Published:
2 December 2015
Abstract: In this research, the antibacterial activity of crude extracts obtained from leaves of pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) plant against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 was investigated. Acetone and methanol were used as chemical solvents to prepare the extracts of Mentha pulegium L. The determination of antibacterial activity was performed by using disc diffusion method. For each extract, its own solvent was utilized as negative control. Standard antibiotic discs (Clindamycin, Tetracycline and Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid) were also used as positive control. The results of present study showed that the crude extracts of Mentha pulegium L. prepared in acetone and methanol had antibacterial activity against test microorganisms and the most antibacterial effect was observed against Staphylococcus epidermidis. It was determined that the extract of Mentha pulegium L. (6400 µg/disc) has more antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and S. epidermidis than Tetracycline (10 µg/disc) and has more antibacterial activity against E. coli than Clindamycin (10 µg/disc). However it was found that antibacterial activity of Mentha pulegium L. extract (6400 µg/disc) was close to Tetracycline (10 µg/disc) for E. coli and S. aureus and was close to Clindamycin (10 µg/disc) for E. faecalis.
Abstract: In this research, the antibacterial activity of crude extracts obtained from leaves of pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) plant against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 was investigated. Acetone and methanol were used as chemical solvents to prepar...
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Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Yeast Extract Powder After the Biofield Energy Treatment
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Khemraj Bairwa,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
387-394
Received:
24 October 2015
Accepted:
3 November 2015
Published:
21 December 2015
Abstract: Yeast extract powder (YE powder) is particularly used in culture media for the cultivation of microorganisms found in milk or other dairy products. The present study was intended to explore the influence of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical and spectral properties of YE powder. The study was accomplished in two groups; first group was remained as control, while another was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment and termed as the treated group. Afterward, both the samples were evaluated using several analytical techniques. The X-ray diffractometry (XRD) study showed the halo patterns of XRD peaks in both the samples. This indicated the amorphous nature of the samples. The particle size study revealed the 4.77% and 26.28% increase d50 (in the average particle size) and d99 (particle size below that 99% particles are present), respectively of treated YE powder with respect to the control. The surface area analysis showed the 14.06% increase in the specific surface area of treated sample with respect to the control. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis exhibited the 41.64% increase in the melting temperature of treated YE powder sample as compared to the control. The TGA/DTG analysis exhibited the increase in Tonset (onset temperature of thermal degradation) by 7.51% and 12.45% in first and second step of thermal degradation, respectively in the treated sample as compared to the control. Furthermore, the Tmax (maximum thermal degradation temperature) was increased by 4.16% and 24.79% in first and second step of thermal degradation, respectively in the treated sample with respect to the control. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) study revealed the changes in the wavenumber of functional groups such as C-H (stretching) from 2895→2883 cm-1 and 2815→2831 cm-1, respectively; C-N from 1230→1242 cm-1; and C-O stretching from 1062-1147 cm-1→1072-1149 cm-1 of treated YE powder sample as compared to the control. The UV-vis spectroscopy showed the similar patterns of absorbance maxima (λmax) in both the control and treated samples. Therefore, the analytical results suggested the considerable impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on physicochemical and spectral properties of YE powder. The increase in Tonset and Tmax after the biofield treatment suggests that the treated YE powder might be more effective in culture medium than the control YE powder.
Abstract: Yeast extract powder (YE powder) is particularly used in culture media for the cultivation of microorganisms found in milk or other dairy products. The present study was intended to explore the influence of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical and spectral properties of YE powder. The study was accomplished in two groups; first group wa...
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Cytoprotective Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Vernonium amygdalina Leaves on Alloxan Induced Hepato-Toxicity in Albino Wistar Rats
Peter A. I.,
Azu O. O.,
Edagha I. A.
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
395-401
Received:
29 September 2015
Accepted:
19 October 2015
Published:
22 December 2015
Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the cytoprotective effects of ethanolic extract of Vernonium amygadlina leaves on Alloxan induced hepato-toxicity in albino Wistar rats. A total of forty (45) male Wister Albino rats weighing between 130g to 200g were obtained from the animal house of the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar. The animals were randomly divided into nine groups of five rats each after acclimatization in the animal house of the College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo for two weeks. Group A served as control and were administered 1 ml of distil water, Group B and C were administered with 150 mg/kg and 300mg/kg of Vernonia amygdalina respectively. Group D was administered with 65mg/kg of Alloxan. Group E and F were injected intraperitonially with 65mg/kg of Alloxan and left for two weeks to become diabetic followed by administration with 150mg/kg and 300mg/kg of Vernonia amygdalina respectively. Group G and H were administered with 150mg/kg and 300 mg/kg of Vernonia amygdalina respectively for two weeks, before they were injected intraperitonially with 65mg/kg of Alloxan followed by continuation of 150mg/kg and 300mg/kg of Vernonia amygdalina for another two weeks. Group I was administered with 65mg/kg of Alloxan and insulin lente (1.0 IU) daily for four weeks. The animals were sacrificed on the 29th day, using chloroform inhalation method and their liver harvested, processed and stained using Haematoxylin and Eosin method. Stained slides were viewed using light microscope. Result showed normal architecture of the liver, hepatocytes (H), central vein (CV), sinusoid (S) and nucleus in the control group. The cellular architecture of the Alloxan groups D, E, F. G, H and I were all distorted with cytoplasmic vacuolation, sinusoidal spaces dilation and nuclear degeneration. These distortions were severe in the Alloxan only group D. The groups that were administered with VA were able to ameliorate this changes; the groups that were administered with VA two weeks before the administration of the Alloxan (G, H.) had lesser cellular changes than the groups that were administered with Alloxan two weeks before VA administration, (E, F.). The groups that were administered with VA only (B, C.) had a near normal hepatic architecture. VA has cytoprotective potentials that can be used to prevent hepatic damage in diabetic patients.
Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the cytoprotective effects of ethanolic extract of Vernonium amygadlina leaves on Alloxan induced hepato-toxicity in albino Wistar rats. A total of forty (45) male Wister Albino rats weighing between 130g to 200g were obtained from the animal house of the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calaba...
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Microbiological Quality and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Isolates from Fish and Poultry Feeds
Ifeanyi O. C. Obiajuru,
Chidinma A. Ikpeama,
Immaculata O. Uduchi
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
402-407
Received:
25 November 2015
Accepted:
15 December 2015
Published:
4 January 2016
Abstract: The microbiological quality and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from fish and poultry feeds used in Imo State, South Eastern Nigeria was studied between January and July, 2015. A total of 13 different feeds comprising 3 fish feeds and 10 poultry feeds were collected from different marketers Imo State and examined bacteriologically by culture technique. Seven genera of bacteria: Staphylococcus species, Bacillus species, Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria species, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella species, as well as 2 genera of fungi: Aspergillus species and Penicillinum species were isolated from the feeds. Statistical analysis of the data showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in the bacteriological and mycological quality between local and industrial processed feeds. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the bacteriological and mycological quality between fish and poultry feeds. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that Ciprofloxacin exhibited the highest antibacterial effects (grow inhibition) on most of the bacterial isolates than other antibiotics used. This study has revealed that fish and poultry feeds are potential sources of microbial infections for fish and poultry as well as human handlers and consumers of fish and poultry products in Imo State. The Government and public health operators in the State should educate the population on protective measures and also carry out routine supervision and regulation of production and use of these products.
Abstract: The microbiological quality and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from fish and poultry feeds used in Imo State, South Eastern Nigeria was studied between January and July, 2015. A total of 13 different feeds comprising 3 fish feeds and 10 poultry feeds were collected from different marketers Imo State and examined bacteriologically b...
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Survey of Major Insect Pests, Uses of Management Practices and Other Related Information of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Growers of the Northern Region of Bangladesh
Md. Abdul Ahad,
Ruji Raihana Ferdaus,
Md. Rezaul Ahsan,
Md. Muzammel Hoque,
A. N. M. Safiqul Islam
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
408-411
Received:
12 December 2015
Accepted:
27 December 2015
Published:
25 January 2016
Abstract: Kantajir sugarcane Farm is the largest farm that situated a Kharol thana, Dinajprur, Bangladesh. There are 140.08 hectares (346 acres) of land. Farmers of the adjacent locality received leased of that land and cultivate sugarcane. Data collected from those farmers (5o farmers) during 01.01.12 to 31.03.12 from Sunderbon union of that Thana. Farmers informed that stem borer (Chilo tumidicostalis), early shoot borer (Chilo infuscatellus), top shoot borer (Scirpophaga incertulus), root borer (Emmalocera depressela), termite (Odontotermies obsesus), mealy bug (Sacchariccous sacchari) and scale insect (Melanapis glomerata) were major pest, respectively; even after application of insecticides (Furadan 5G). Moreover, 77.27% farmers informed that they used only Furadan 5G for the control of all type of stem borers; 54.54% farmers informed that they used losburn for control of termite. But removal of stem borer infested plant parts and killing of early shoot borer larvae by removal of soil was followed 21% farmers. In addition, the highest 77.27% farmers were acknowledged that those received information from the ‘Sugarcane development assistance’ followed by ‘Center in charge (13.63%). Additionally, 814.82% farmers said that they cultivated Isd 37 sugarcane variety followed by Isd-21 (40.91% farmers), and Isd 26 (27.27% farmers). Furthermore, 63.63% farmers informed that those cultivated chili Capsicum annuum as relay crops followed by potato Solanum tuberosum 54.54% (farmers), tomato Solanum lycopersicum 18.18% (farmers) and cucumber Cucumis sativus 13.63% (farmers). Moreover, farmers obtained every inputs such as sugarcane set (seeds), fertilizer and insecticide as loan and those loans were paid during the selling of sugarcane to the mill of Shetabgonj (Dinajpur, Bangladesh). In addition, those farmers claimed that they suffered various problems for sugarcane cultivation such as lack of marketing facilities (late purchase of sugarcane by the sugarcane mill, when it reduced its weight due do dry) and stem borer insect infestation.
Abstract: Kantajir sugarcane Farm is the largest farm that situated a Kharol thana, Dinajprur, Bangladesh. There are 140.08 hectares (346 acres) of land. Farmers of the adjacent locality received leased of that land and cultivate sugarcane. Data collected from those farmers (5o farmers) during 01.01.12 to 31.03.12 from Sunderbon union of that Thana. Farmers ...
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